Divide and Conquer: the Step-by-Step

Do you have some daylilies that have been in your garden for years, and now they’ve increased into a large clump? That’s all well and good until it becomes TOO big, and needs dividing. How do you know if it’s time? – well, how did your clump bloom this year? If it sent up plenty of scapes and buds, and you were delighted, all’s well (for now). But did you wonder why there weren’t as many flowers as before? Did that clump seem a bit stingy with its buds and scapes? That tells you that it’s too big, overgrown, choking itself. Time to remedy the situation!

Dividing your daylilies will not only rejuvenate them, but allows you to either expand your daylily plantings, or share your excess with gardening friends. Maybe even both. And really, you don’t want to wait until that clump is so big you’ll need a backhoe to dig it out, or a week’s worth of chiropractic appointments to deal with the aftermath.

And now is the time to do it. Find out when your Average First Frost date is (here in Zone 5 it’s September 22), and count backwards by six weeks; that should (ideally) be your deadline for dividing your plants, to give them time to settle in and send out new root growth before the earth freezes.

(Let me go off on a wee tangent here: of course there’s a difference between light frosts and hard frosts; most perennials are not troubled by light frosts, and they don’t freeze the ground. So I will admit that I tend to keep transplanting later than the gardening books recommend. But in general, perennials divided in the spring will be bigger and stronger the following year than ones divided in the fall; seems logical, doesn’t it? – and it follows that the earlier in latesummer that you divide, the better. That said, if you find that you can’t get to all your dividing as early as you’d like, mulching will help to retain some warmth in the soil, thereby giving those plants a little more time to settle in.)

So, here we go:

A digging fork is the best tool for getting a clump out of the ground, with the least amount of root damage; but if you don’t have one, use a shovel, and dig a wide circle around your clump to try to preserve as many of the roots as possible.

Trimming the foliage back to about 8”-10” makes the clump easier to work with. In this case, I’ve got a good-sized dandelion growing in the middle of the clump … I want those leaves intact so that I can locate that dandelion and pull the whole thing out as I divide.

If you’re lucky, the dirt will fairly easily shake off the root clump. More often, though, a good soaking and swishing in a bucket of water will do the trick, or laying the root clump on the ground and hosing the dirt off.

Now comes the fun part: dividing that tangled ball of roots! Have a game plan in mind: are you simply dividing this clump into two or three smaller clumps? Are you hoping to end up with a smaller clump for yourself, and some single or double fans to give away? Keep your plan somewhat flexible, though, to accommodate the realities of what comes next.

Some daylilies divide so easily, while others are like a diabolical giant hairball. Your goal, of course, is to keep crown and roots intact while disentangling; hold at the base of the plants and try to gently work them back and forth repeatedly to loosen. Sometimes I use a digging fork, or my fingers, to gently pry them apart to start the process. Back and forth, up and down, round and round … sometimes this process becomes less gentle and a little more forceful. Keep in mind that the more force you use, though, the more likely it is that a crown can snap off. Not the end of the world, for sure, but not what you’re shooting for here.

And once in a while, a root ball is just so impenetrable that it seems to be held together with super glue. In that case, you can take a sharp knife to divide. As long as a plant still has roots attached, it should be okay. Some folks prefer to bypass the untangling method and go straight to cutting – you can too, if you wish, but you’re losing some roots that way, and I always think it’s better to leave them intact whenever possible.

So here are ten divisions from this one clump; in all, there are 17 fans. You can see that some of these divisions have more than one fan. I've divided them out this way because I'm "lining them out," typical of a nursery -- hopefully each of these divisions will increase by next summer. The largest division, though, will go into one of my gardens in my yard.

Once you’ve divided as much as you’d like, place the divisions in a bucket of water until they’re replanted, or given away. And when replanting, I like to add some rock phosphate to the soil to encourage root growth, or some organic fertilizer that’s strong in phosphorus (the middle of the three numbers you’ll find on fertilizer packages … as in “4-10-4;” this is NOT the time to use a high-nitrogen fertilizer, as that boosts foliage production).

How long can you keep them in that bucket of water before you put them into the ground? I’m embarrassed to tell you how long I sometimes wait! Suffice it to say that several days of soaking won’t harm your plants, as long as you keep that bucket in the shade; but logically, the sooner you plant them, the better. Yes, there are many tales in the gardening world of daylilies ripped out and thrown onto the compost pile that bloom the next summer, bare roots and all, but you may not want to take those kinds of chances!

Once the ground has truly frozen, it’s not a bad idea to put some mulch around your divided daylilies; anything organic, like bark mulch, chopped leaves, straw, substances that will eventually break down and decompose and enrich the soil. And then pray for a good blanket of snow – exactly the protection our daylilies like best!

Sow Your Own! -- Part One

Are green pods appearing on top of some of your daylily scapes, once the blossoms have dried and dropped away (or, if you’re a properly fastidious gardener, after you’ve deadheaded)? These pods contain seeds; if you’re feeling adventurous, why not try planting a few? Following some simple directions should produce some surprise-package new daylilies, and with a little luck, you might have a few that you greatly admire.

Here in Part One, we’ll go over the basic realities of how these seeds came to be, and how to gather and save the seeds. Part Two will give step-by-step directions for sowing and growing.

Without getting into Botany 101 too deeply, basically you need a “pollen parent” and a “pod parent” to make daylily seeds; or, if you like, a papa and a mama ;-). The pollen from one must fertilize the other, resulting in a seed pod. Just like human babies, or puppies, or kittens, each fertilized seed will produce something new – NOT a carbon copy of either parent, but a combination of their genes. If you want a carbon copy of a daylily, you must divide it at the roots.

Now if you have only two kinds of daylilies, it’s pretty easy to figure out who the “parents” are! But the more daylily types you have, the more the possibilities for combinations. When you leave pollination up to chance – meaning wind or bees carrying the pollen from one plant to another – you only know who the pod parent is. Deliberate hybridizing allows you to control both variables, but that’s another blog post, sometime down the road. Today we’re talking about the “surprise package” seed pods.

First of all, wait until the pods dry and turn brown. Once a small crack appears, usually at the top, you can remove the pods and empty the seeds out – but make sure that it’s a dry day, and that the pods are dry. A sunny afternoon is perfect. Place the seeds in a saucer, or on a piece of paper, in a dry airy room out of direct sunlight; leave them there for a few days to make sure all external moisture is gone.

Personally, I like to know which pod parent has produced which seedlings, and so I label little envelopes with the pod parent’s name, and place the dried seeds inside. (You may not be so picky, or may not be planting as many seeds, and so this step might not matter to you.) Either way, place the envelopes, or just the seeds themselves, into a plastic zip-lock bag, seal it, and put it in the refrigerator. It’s going to stay in the fridge for weeks, to mimic the effect of winter cold on seeds that would have otherwise dropped onto the ground.

More to come.

What's in a Name?

Have you ever purchased a daylily just because of its name? Or maybe the name was just enough to sway you into a “yes” or “no” decision? With nearly 70,000 registered daylilies out there, and many more unregistered (or “garden names,” as they’re often called), the names range from funny to ethereal to well, downright uninspiring.

Folks have named their hybrid daylily creations after books and authors (“Moby Dick,” “Gulliver’s Travels”), movies and movie stars (“Star Wars,” “Lion King”), musicians and other celebrities (“Tupak Amaru”), politicians and their spouses (“Abraham Lincoln,” “Betty Ford”), places (“Baffin Bay Beauty,” “African Midnight”), desserts (“Caramel Fudge,” “Peach Pudding”), and drinks (“Pina Colada,” “Mulberry Wine”).

Then there is the always-popular and yummy-sounding category of pie names: 73 of ‘em registered – from “Apple Peaches Pumpkin Pie” at one end to “Windham Cherry Pie” at the other. Not sure why daylilies and pie seem to go hand-in-hand, but there you are.

In another common category, daylilies are often named after people unknown to the rest of us – someone’s mother, father, grandparent, child, grandchild – you get the picture. While this certainly has great meaning to the person thus honored, these names usually don’t inspire us one way or the other. At least they don’t do it for me, except for the ones named after great hybridizers.

There’s also the names that, to my mind, are sort of generic and formal; I have some of these – “Crown Royal,” “Royal Heritage,” “Benchmark.” These sound to me like names of dinnerware or flatware sets, but they are attached to very beautiful blossoms.

And if you search for a name beginning or ending with any of the daylily colors, of course you will find plenty: 619 names that begin with “Pink,” and 334 that end that way. At least those names give you some clue about the flower itself.

My favorite category is the unusual/humorous/downright odd names (and if you know me personally, you’re probably thinking, well, THAT figures!). “Auntie’s Lipstick Kisses.” “Big Boy Bubba.” “Oliver Dragon Tooth.” “Cathy Cute Legs.” And the first truly odd daylily name I ever ran across: “Nekkid Woman on a Tractor.”

But would you buy that last one? Or the one called “Varicose Veins?” Or “Butt Ugly?” Or "Weber's Litterbox?" Yes, those are registered daylilies too! … I have to admit those names would stop me in my purchasing tracks. They'd have to be mighty beautiful to overcome those names.

This fall we’ll be dividing and lining out some of our three-year-old seedlings and putting names to them. It’s fun to come up with new names, but surprisingly difficult at the same time. It’s got to feel like it fits the flower. So far we’ve decided on these: “Berried Treasure,” “Dulcimer Music,” “Voodoo Science,” “Santoshi,” and the best one – “Princess Zippy,” for my favorite 5-year-old. See? – I’m doing it too! (And yes, that's it at the top of the post! She picked it out herself!)